VINOGRADOV

//**Viktor Vinogradov**// was born 31 December 1894 in Moscow. He is a Russian Vinogradov’s father was a common priest and in 1930 he was arrested after that died in an exile in Kazakhstan. Viktor Vinogradov studied in Petrograd Zubovkky Institute of Histiry and Philology.

Firstly he wrote small articles about famous Russian writers and scientists. His earlier publications performed the style and literature features of such famous people as Pushkin, Gogol, Dostoevsky. His method is defined as a historical and literary (with compulsory study of broad historical context under study "masterpiece", including "small names", "low-level literature"), but it is also necessary to study a particular language and style of the writer. All his life he was interest in literature, especially in studying of individual style of writers and in creating of comparative historical and literary analysis.

During all his life Vinogradov had strong friendly relationships with one of the most famous Russian poetess Anna Akhmatova.

Until 1929 he worked in St. Petersburg but some time later moved to Moscow and set up his own linguistic school (Vinogradovsky School of Russian Studies). In his works he continued the tradition of Russian pre-revolutionary linguistics. His works are characterized by careful attention to specific linguistic material, primarily the Russian language and Russian language in particular, classical literature . One of the most interesting and original of his work is "The History of Words" dedicated to the history and development of the Russian words semantics with many rare examples. For his “The grammatical study of the words” Vinogradov was awarded the Stalin Prize. Under his editorship was prepared "Russian grammar" (1952-1954), the first "academic grammar" of the Russian language, created during the Soviet period. In 1934 Vinogradov was arrested on a "case of Slavic Studies." April 17, 1934 he was exiled to Vyatka before May 1, 1936. During these years, Vinogradov continued to work living in unbearable conditions

After returning from exile Vinogradov become the Chair of the Russian language at Moscow State University (1945), the dean of the Faculty of Philology of Moscow State University. In 1958 Vinogradov headed the Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences of the USSR, which now names in his honor. In the last years of his life Vinogradov's ideas received a wide range of recognition of linguists, and his school was formed as the largest in Russian studies. At the same time, some linguists, both supporters of the structural method as well as representatives of traditional linguistics has developed a nasty reputation Vinogradov as the "Soviet chief " who prevent a fresh initiative in science. But nevertheless Viktor Vinogradov was one of the most famous Russian scientist who developed new ideas in philology and linguistics of Russian language.